ABSTRACT
Aim To investigate the effect of safflower yellow (SY) on learning and memory ability of APP/ PS1 mice at different disease stages, and to explore the mechanism of SY anti- Alzheimer's disease by using 3-,6- and 9-month-old APP/PS 1 transgenic mice as experimental animal models. Methods Behavioral experiments were conducted to observe the effects of SY on learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice of different months. ELISA was used to detect the effect of SY on the expression of inflammatory factors in cortex of mice of different months. Western blot was used to detect the microglia activation marker protein, and its mechanism of action was further analyzed. Results SY could enhance the learning and memory ability of mice aged 3, 6 and 9 months, reduce the content of IL-6 and increase the content of TGF-β1 in brain tissue, up-regulate the expression levels of arginase-1 (arg-1) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (tREM2) in brain tissue of mice of different months, and down-regulate the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Toll-like receptors 4 (tlr4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (nf-KB). Conclusions Compared with 3- and 9-month-old mice, SY is the most effective in improving learning memory in 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice. SY inhibits TLR4/NF-KB pathway activation by inducing TREM2 expression in brain tissue of APP/PS 1 transgenic mice, promotes microglia phenotype shift to anti-inflammatory phenotype, reduces chronic neuroinflammatory response, and improves learning memory in APP/PS1 mice at all months of age.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the problems and reasons in the clinical medicine postgraduate cultivation.We stated the competency of clinical medicine postgraduates according to the transition of health demands global medical development and practical requirements for clinical personnel. Me thods Questionnaire surveys combined with interviews were conducted, and statistical analysis was performed. In the first part, we selected the permanent staff with qualifications of medical clinicians, including: chief physicians, associate chief physicians, physicians, residents, accounting for 72％ of the interviewees; And related personnel, including nurses, administrators and patients, were also interviewed, accounting for 28％ of the total. 90 questionnaires were distributed, and 86 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 95.56％. In the second part, graduate students with clinical professional degrees were selected for interviews, 96 questionnaires were distributed, and 92 valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective rate was 95.83％.Re s ults There was a certain gap between the expected goal and the actual situation of the post competency of clinical professional degree graduate students, and the gap had a certain statistical significance. The clinical professional degree graduate students paid more attention to the doctor-patient communication, teamwork. Conclus ions We elaborated the required post competence for clinical medicine postgraduates on the basis of its content and characteristic. We propose to strengthen the cultivation of clinical medicine postgraduates by the reform and support of the government enhanced construction of teachers improved course plan and cultivation process perfected assessment system in order to make the students competent to their posts.